Ogino, S.-Y., K. Miyazaki, M. Fujiwara, M. I. Nodzu, M. Shiotani, F. Hasebe, J. Matsumoto, J. Witte, A. M. Thompson, H. A. Nguyen-Thi, T. V. Nguyen (2022), Cause of a lower-tropospheric high-ozone layer in spring over Hanoi, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 127, e2021JD035727, doi: 10.1029/2021JD035727.
[JGR]
2021
Nguyen, T. H., K. Ishijima, S. Sugawara, and F. Hasebe (2021), Application of a nudged general circulation model to the interpretation of the mean age of air derived from stratospheric samples in the tropics, Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, 99,
1149-1167, doi: 10.2151/jmsj.2021-056.
[JMSJ]
Fujiwara, M., T. Sakai, T. Nagai, K. Shiraishi, Y. Inai, S. Khaykin, H. Xi, T. Shibata, M. Shiotani, and L. L. Pan (2021), Lower-stratospheric aerosol measurements in eastward-shedding vortices over Japan from the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone during the summer of 2018, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 21,
3073–3090, doi: 10.5194/acp-21-3073-2021.
[ACP]
2020
Jensen, E. J., L. L. Pan, S. Honomichl, G. S. Diskin, M. Krämer, N. Spelten, G. Günther, D. F. Hurst, M. Fujiwara, H. Vömel, H. B. Selkirk, J. Suzuki, M. J. Schwartz, and J. B. Smith (2020), Assessment of observational evidence for direct convective hydration of the lower stratosphere,
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 125,
e2020JD032793, doi: 10.1029/2020JD032793.
[JGR]
2019
Belikov, D., S. Sugawara, S. Ishidoya, F. Hasebe, S. Maksyutov, S. Aoki, S. Morimoto, and T. Nakazawa (2019), Three-dimensional simulation of stratospheric gravitational separation using the NIES global atmospheric tracer transport model, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 19,
5349-5361, doi: 10.5194/acp-19-5349-2019.
[ACP]
2018
Hasebe, F., S. Aoki, S. Morimoto, Y. Inai, T. Nakazawa, S. Sugawara,
C. Ikeda, H. Honda, H. Yamazaki, Halimurrahman, N. Komala, F. A. Putri,
A. Budiyono, M. Soedjarwo, S. Ishidoya, S. Toyoda, T. Shibata,
M. Hayashi, N. Eguchi, N. Nishi, M. Fujiwara, S.-Y. Ogino, M. Shiotani,
and T. Sugidachi (2018), Coordinated Upper-troposphere-to-stratosphere Balloon Experiment in Biak, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 99,
1213-1230, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0289.1.
[BAMS]
(See also BAMS cover page)
Sugawara, S., S. Ishidoya, S. Aoki, S. Morimoto, T. Nakazawa, S. Toyoda, Y. Inai, F. Hasebe, C. Ikeda, H. Honda, D. Goto, and F. A. Putri (2018), Age and gravitational separation of the stratospheric air over Indonesia, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18,
1819-1833, doi: 10.5194/acp-18-1819-2018.
[ACP]
Inai, Y. (2018), Long-term variation in the mixing fraction of tropospheric and stratospheric air masses in the upper tropical tropopause layer, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 123,
doi: 10.1029/2018JD028300.
[JGR]
Inai, Y., S. Aoki, H. Honda, H. Furutani, Y. Matsumi, M. Ouchi,
S. Sugawara, F. Hasebe, M. Uematsu, and M. Fujiwara (2018), Balloon-borne tropospheric CO2 observations over the equatorial
eastern and western Pacific, Atmospheric Environment, 184, 24-36,
doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.04.016.
[AE]
2016
Fujiwara, M., T. Sugidachi, T. Arai, K. Shimizu, M. Hayashi,
Y. Noma, H. Kawagita, K. Sagara, T. Nakagawa, S. Okumura, Y. Inai,
T. Shibata, S. Iwasaki, and A. Shimizu (2016), Development of a cloud particle sensor for radiosonde sounding
, Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 9,
5911-5931, doi:10.5194/amt-9-5911-2016.
[AMT]
Davis, S. M., K. H. Rosenlof, B. Hassler, D. F. Hurst, W. G. Read,
H. Vömel, H. Selkirk, M. Fujiwara, and R. Damadeo (2016), The Stratospheric Water and Ozone Satellite Homogenized (SWOOSH)
database: A long-term database for climate studies, Earth System Science Data, 8,
461-490, doi:10.5194/essd-8-461-2016.
[ESSD]
Mimura, S., F. Hasebe, and T. Shibata (2016), Constraints on the formation of high-ice-concentration thin
cirrus in the Tropical Tropopause Layer, Scientific Online Letters on the Atmosphere, 12A,
18-21, doi:10.2151/sola.12A-004.
[SOLA]
Hasebe, F. and T. Noguchi (2016), A Lagrangian description on the troposphere-to-stratosphere
transport changes associated with the stratospheric water drop around
the year 2000, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 16,
4235-4249, doi: 10.5194/acp-16-4235-2016.
[ACP]
Shibata, T., and T. Kinoshita (2016), Volcanic aerosol layer formed in the tropical upper troposphere
by the eruption of Mt. Merapi, Java, in November 2010 observed by the
spaceborne lidar CALIOP, Atmospheric Research, 168, 49-56, doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2015.09.002.
[AR]
2015
Inai, Y., M. Shiotani, M. Fujiwara, F. Hasebe,
and H. Vömel (2015), Altitude misestimation caused by the Vaisala RS80
pressure bias and its impact on meteorological profiles, Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 8, 4043-4054,
doi: 10.5194/amt-8-4043-2015.
[AMT]
Iwasaki, S., Z. J. Luo, H. Kubota, T. Shibata, H. Okamoto, and
H. Ishimoto (2015), Characteristics of cirrus clouds
in the tropical lower stratosphere, Atmospheric Research, 164-165, 358-368,
doi: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2015.06.009.
[AR]
2013
Suzuki, J., M. Fujiwara, T. Nishizawa, R. Shirooka,
K. Yoneyama, M. Katsumata, I. Matsui, and N. Sugimoto (2013), The occurrence of cirrus clouds associated with
eastward propagating equatorial n = 0 inertio-gravity and
Kelvin waves in November 2011 during the CINDY2011/DYNAMO
campaign, Journal of Geophysical Research, 118(23),
12941-12947, doi: 10.1002/2013JD019960.
[JGR]
Imai, K., M. Fujiwara, Y. Inai, N. Manago, M. Suzuki,
T. Sano, C. Mitsuda, Y. Naito, F. Hasebe,
T. Koide, and M. Shiotani (2013), Comparison of ozone profiles between Superconducting
Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder and
worldwide ozonesonde measurements, Journal of Geophysical Research,118(22),
12755-12765, doi: 10.1002/2013JD021094.
[JGR]
Inai, Y., F. Hasebe, M. Fujiwara, M. Shiotani,
N. Nishi, S.-Y. Ogino, H. Vömel, S. Iwasaki,
and T. Shibata (2013), Dehydration in the tropical tropopause layer estimated
from the water vapor match, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 13,
8623-8642, doi: 10.5194/acp-13-8623-2013.
[ACP]
Sugidachi, T., and M. Fujiwara (2013), Correction of the stepwise change observed at 0oC
in Meisei RS2-91, RS-01G, and RS-06G radiosonde
relative humidity profiles, Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, 91(3),
323-336, doi: 10.2151/jmsj.2013-306.
[JMSJ]
Nishimoto, E., and M. Shiotani (2013), Intraseasonal variations in the tropical tropopause
temperature revealed by cluster analysis of
convective activity, Journal of Geophysical Research,118(9),
3545–3556, doi: 10.1002/jgrd.50281.
[JGR]
Ogino, S-Y., M. Fujiwara, M. Shiotani, F. Hasebe,
J. Matsumoto, T. H. T. Hoang, and T. T. T. Nguyen (2013), Ozone variations over the northern subtropical
region revealed by ozonesonde observations in Hanoi, Journal of Geophysical Research, 118(8),
3245-3257, doi: 10.1002/jgrd.50348.
[JGR]
Hasebe, F., Y. Inai, M. Shiotani, M. Fujiwara,
H. Vömel, N. Nishi, S.-Y. Ogino, T. Shibata, S. Iwasaki,
N. Komala, T. Peter, and S. J. Oltmans (2013), Cold trap dehydration in the Tropical Tropopause Layer
characterized by SOWER chilled-mirror hygrometer network data
in the Tropical Pacific, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 13,
4393-4411, doi: 10.5194/acp-13-4393-2013.
[ACP]
Morris, G. A., A. Gettelman, and F. Hasebe (2013), Coordinating Observational Campaigns to Study the Tropical Tropopause Layer, Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 94(9), 91. [Eos]
Gettelman, A., K. P. Hamilton, G. A. Morris, F. Hasebe, H. B. Selkirk (2013), U.S.-Japan Bilateral Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer: State of the Current Science and Future Observational Needs, 15-19 October 2012, Honolulu, HI, USA, SPARC Newsletter, 40, 37-47. [SPARC]
2012
Inai, Y., T. Shibata, M. Fujiwara, F. Hasebe, and H. Vömel (2012), High supersaturation inside cirrus in well-developed tropical tropopause layer over Indonesia, Geophysical Research Letters, 39, L20811, doi: 10.1029/2012GL053638. [GRL]
Fujiwara, M., J. Suzuki, A. Gettelman, M. I. Hegglin, H. Akiyoshi, and K. Shibata (2012), Wave activity in the tropical tropopause layer in seven reanalysis and four chemistry climate model data sets, Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, D12105, doi: 10.1029/2011JD016808. [JGR]
Iwasaki, S., T. Shibata, H. Okamoto, H. Ishimoto, and H. Kubota (2012), Mixtures of stratospheric and overshooting air measured using A-Train sensors, Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, D12207, doi: 10.1029/2011JD017402. [JGR]
Shibata, T., M. Hayashi, A. Naganuma, N. Hara, K. Hara, F. Hasebe, K. Shimizu, N. Komala, Y. Inai, H. Vömel, S. Hamdi, S. Iwasaki, M. Fujiwara, M. Shiotani, S.-Y. Ogino, and N. Nishi (2012), Cirrus cloud appearance in a volcanic aerosol layer around the tropical cold point tropopause over Biak, Indonesia, in January 2011, Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, D11209, doi: 10.1029/2011JD017029. [JGR]
Koishi, K., and M. Shiotani (2012), Water vapor and ozone variations in the tropical tropopause layer during the Central Equatorial Pacific Experiment campaign, Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, 90(3), 403-416, doi: 10.2151/jmsj.2012-304. [JMSJ]
Nishimoto, E., M. Shiotani (2012), Seasonal and interannual variability in the temperature structure around the tropical tropopause and its relationship with convective activities, Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, D02104, doi: 10.1029/2011JD016936. [JGR]
2010
Shimizu, K., and F. Hasebe (2010), Fast-response high-resolution temperature sonde aimed at contamination-free profile observations, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 3, 1673-1681, doi: 10.5194/amt-3-1673-2010. [AMT]
Fujiwara, M., H. Vömel, F. Hasebe, M. Shiotani, S.-Y. Ogino, S. Iwasaki, N. Nishi, T. Shibata, K. Shimizu, E. Nishimoto, J. M. Valverde-Canossa, H. B. Selkirk, and S. J. Oltmans (2010), Seasonal to decadal variations of water vapor in the tropical lower stratosphere observed with balloon-borne cryogenic frostpoint hygrometers, Journal of Geophysical Research, 115, D18304, doi: 10.1029/2010JD014179. [JGR]
Nishi, N., E. Nishimoto, H. Hayashi, M. Shiotani, H. Takashima, and T. Tsuda (2010), Quasi-stationary temperature structure in the upper troposphere over the tropical Indian Ocean inferred from radio occultation data, Journal of Geophysical Research, 115, D14112, doi: 10.1029/2009JD012857. [JGR]
Hamada, A., and N. Nishi (2010), Development of a cloud-top height estimation method by geostationary satellite split-window measurements trained with CloudSat data, Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 49, 2035-2049, doi: 10.1175/2010JAMC2287.1. [JAMC]
Suzuki, J., M. Fujiwara, A. Hamada, Y. Inai, J. Yamaguchi, R. Shirooka, F. Hasebe, and T. Takano (2010), Cloud-top height variability associated with equatorial Kelvin waves in the tropical tropopause layer during the Mirai Indian Ocean cruise for the Study of MJO-convection Onset (MISMO) campaign, Scientific Online Letters on the Atmosphere, 6, 97-100, doi: 10.2151/sola.2010-025. [SOLA]
Iwasaki, S., T. Shibata, J. Nakamoto, H. Okamoto, H. Ishimoto, and H. Kubota (2010), Characteristics of deep convection measured by using the A-train constellation, Journal of Geophysical Research, 115, D06207, doi:10.1029/2009JD013000. [JGR]
Suzuki, J., M. Shiotani, and N. Nishi (2010), Lifetime and longitudinal variability of equatorial Kelvin waves around the tropical tropopause region, Journal of Geophysical Research, 115, D03103, doi: 10.1029/2009JD012261. [JGR]
2009
Inai, Y., F. Hasebe, K. Shimizu, and M. Fujiwara (2009), Correction of radiosonde pressure and temperature measurements using simultaneous GPS height data, Scientific Online Letters on the Atmosphere, 5, 109-112, doi: 10.2151/sola.2009-028. [SOLA]
Fujiwara, M., S. Iwasaki, A. Shimizu, Y. Inai, M. Shiotani, F. Hasebe, I. Matsui, N. Sugimoto, H. Okamoto, N. Nishi, A. Hamada, T. Sakazaki, and K. Yoneyama (2009), Cirrus observations in the tropical tropopause layer over the western Pacific, Journal of Geophysical Research, 114, D09304, doi: 10.1029/2008JD011040. [JGR]
2008
Suzuki J., and M. Shiotani (2008), Space-time variability of equatorial Kelvin waves and intraseasonal oscillations around the tropical tropopause, Journal of Geophysical Research, 113, D16110, doi: 10.1029/2007JD009456. [JGR]
Takashima, H., M. Shiotani, M. Fujiwara, N. Nishi, and F. Hasebe (2008), Ozonesonde observations at Christmas Island (2N, 157W) in the equatorial central Pacific, Journal of Geophysical Research, 113, D10112, doi: 10.1029/2007JD009374. [JGR]
Hamada, A., N. Nishi, S. Iwasaki, Y. Ohno, H. Kumagai, and H. Okamoto (2008), Cloud type and top height estimation for tropical upper-tropospheric clouds using GMS-5 split-window measurements combined with cloud radar measurements, Scientific Online Letters on the Atmosphere, 4, 57-60, doi: 10.2151/sola.2008-015. [SOLA]
Yoneyama, K., M. Fujita, N. Sato, M. Fujiwara, Y. Inai, and F. Hasebe (2008), Correction for radiation dry bias found in RS92 radiosonde data during the MISMO field experiment, Scientific Online Letters on the Atmosphere, 4, 13-16, doi: 10.2151/sola.2008-004. [SOLA]
2007
Vömel, H., J. E. Barnes, R. N. Forno, M. Fujiwara, F. Hasebe, S. Iwasaki, R. Kivi, N. Komala, E. Kyrö, T. Leblanc, B. Morel, S.-Y. Ogino, W. G. Read, S. C. Ryan, S. Saraspriya, H. Selkirk, M. Shiotani, J. Valverde Canossa, and D. N. Whiteman (2007), Validation of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder water vapor by balloon-borne Cryogenic Frost point Hygrometer measurements, Journal of Geophysical Research, 112, D24S37, doi: 10.1029/2007JD008698. [JGR]
Takashima, H., and M. Shiotani (2007), Ozone variation in the tropical tropopause layer as seen from ozonesonde data, Journal of Geophysical Research, 112, D11123, doi: 10.1029/2006JD008322. [JGR]
Nishi, N., J. Suzuki, A. Hamada, and M. Shiotani (2007), Rapid transitions in zonal wind around the tropical tropopause and their relation to the amplified equatorial Kelvin waves, Scientific Online Letters on the Atmosphere, 3, 13-16, doi: 10.2151/sola.2007-004. [SOLA]
Shibata, T., H. Vömel, S. Hamdi, S. Kaloka, F. Hasebe, M. Fujiwara, and M. Shiotani (2007), Tropical cirrus clouds near cold point tropopause under ice supersaturated conditions observed by lidar and balloon-borne cryogenic frost point hygrometer, Journal of Geophysical Research, 112, D03210, doi: 10.1029/2006JD007361. [JGR]
Hasebe, F., M. Fujiwara, N. Nishi, M. Shiotani, H. Vömel, S. Oltmans, H. Takashima, S. Saraspriya, N. Komala, and Y. Inai (2007), In situ observations of dehydrated air parcels advected horizontally in the Tropical Tropopause Layer of the western Pacific, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 7, 803-813. [ACP]
2006
Hashiguchi, N. O., M. D. Yamanaka, S.-Y. Ogino, M. Shiotani, and T. Sribimawati (2006), Seasonal and interannual variations of temperature in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) over Indonesia based on operational rawinsonde data during 1992-1999, Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, D15110, doi: 10.1029/2005JD006501. [JGR]
2005
Hasebe, F., M. Shiotani, M. Fujiwara, T.J. Dunkerton, I. Folkins, P. Fortuin, A. Gettelman, N. O. Hashiguchi, S. Iwasaki, Y. Kasai, N. Nishi, M. Niwano, S. Oltmans, L. Poveda, W, Randel, K. Rosenlof, Y. Tsushima, H. Vömel, and K. Yamazaki (2005), Report of the 2nd International SOWER Meeting, San Cristobal, Galapagos, Ecuador, 10-15 July 2004, SPARC Newsletter, 24. [SPARC]
2004
Eguchi, N., and M. Shiotani (2004), Intraseasonal variations of water vapor and cirrus clouds in the tropical upper troposphere, Journal of Geophysical Research, 109, D12106, doi: 10.1029/2003JD004314. [JGR]
Hasebe, F., and H. Koyata (2004), Dynamical properties of the tropical atmosphere derived from radiosonde observations at San Cristobal and Singapore, Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, 82, No. 4, 1129-1145. [JMSJ]
2003
Fujiwara, M., S.-P. Xie, M. Shiotani, H. Hashizume, F. Hasebe, H. Vömel, S. J. Oltmans, and T. Watanabe (2003), Upper-tropospheric inversion and easterly jet in the tropics, Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, 2796, doi: 10.1029/2003JD003928. [JGR]
Fujiwara, M., M. Shiotani, F. Hasebe, H. Vömel, S. J. Oltmans, P. W. Ruppert, T. Horinouchi, and T. Tsuda (2003), Performance of the Meteolabor "Snow White" chilled-mirror hygrometer in the tropical troposphere: Comparisons with the Vaisala RS80 A/H-Humicap sensors, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 20, 1534-1542. [JTECH]
Vömel, H., M. Fujiwara, M. Shiotani, F. Hasebe, S. J. Oltmans, and J. E. Barnes (2003), The behavior of the Snow White chilled-mirror hygrometer in extremely dry conditions, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 20, 1560-1567. [JTECH]
Vömel, H., S. J. Oltmans, B. J. Johnson, F. Hasebe, M. Shiotani, M. Fujiwara, N. Nishi, M. Agama, J. Cornejo, F. Paredes, and H. Enriquez (2003), Reply to Comment by A. E. Dessler and E. M. Weinstock on "Balloon-borne observations of water vapor and ozone in the tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere" by Voemel et al., Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, No. D4, 4137, doi: 10.1029/2002JD002984. [JGR]
2002
Hashizume, H., S.-P. Xie, M. Fujiwara, M. Shiotani, T. Watanabe, Y. Tanimoto, W. T. Liu, and K. Takeuchi (2002), Direct observations of atmospheric boundary layer response to SST variations associated with Tropical Instability Waves over the eastern equatorial Pacific, Journal of Climate, 15, 3379-3393. [JCLI]
Vömel, H., S. J. Oltmans, B. J. Johnson, F. Hasebe, M. Shiotani, M. Fujiwara, N. Nishi, M. Agama, J. Cornejo, F. Paredes, and H. Enriquez (2002), Balloon-borne observations of water vapor and ozone in the tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, No. D14, doi: 10.1029/2001JD000707. [JGR]
Shiotani, M., M. Fujiwara, F. Hasebe, H. Hashizume, H. Vömel, S. J. Oltmans, and T. Watanabe (2002), Ozonesonde observations in the equatorial Eastern Pacific - the Shoyo-maru survey -, Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, 80, No. 4B, 897-909. [JMSJ]
2001
Oltmans, S. J., B. J. Johnson, J. M. Harris, H. Vömel, A. M. Thompson, K. Koshy, P. Simon, R. J. Bendura, J. A. Logan, F. Hasebe, M. Shiotani, V. W. J. H. Kirchhoff, M. Maata, G. Sami, A. Samad, J. Tabuadravu, H. Enriquez, M. Agama, J. Cornejo, and F. Paredes (2001), Ozone in the Pacific tropical troposphere from ozonesonde observations, Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 32503-52525. [JGR]
Fujiwara, M., F. Hasebe, M. Shiotani, N. Nishi, H. Vömel, and S. J. Oltmans (2001), Water vapor control at the tropopause by equatorial Kelvin waves observed over the Galápagos, Geophysical Research Letters, 28, No. 16, 3143-3146. [GRL]
Hasebe, F., M. Shiotani, H. Vömel, M. Fujiwara, N. Nishi, S. J. Oltmans, M. Agama, J. Cornejo, F. Paredes, H. Enriquez, M. Niwano, T. Uetake, and M. Ikeda (2001), Initial results from SOWER/Pacific 1998-2000 campaigns, Proceedings of the 2nd SPARC General Assembly, (printed in CD-ROM).
2000
Shiotani, M., M. Fujiwara, F. Hasebe, S.-P. Xie, H. Hashizume, T. Watanabe, and Shoyo-maru Mission Team (2000), SOWER/Pacific - The Shoyo-maru cruise in the equatorial eastern Pacific, Proceedings of the Quadrennial Ozone Symposium - Sapporo 2000 -, 19-20.
Vömel, H., F. Hasebe, M. Shiotani, S. Oltmans, N. Nishi, T. Ogawa, and M. Niwano (2000), Water vapor and ozone observations as part of SOWER/Pacific in 1998 and 1999, Proceedings of the Quadrennial Ozone Symposium - Sapporo 2000 -, 165-166.
Hasebe, F., M. Shiotani, H. Vömel, M. Fujiwara, N. Nishi, T. Ogawa, S. J. Oltmans, K. S. Gage (2000), First results from the SOWER/Pacific 1998/1999 campaigns, Proceedings of the Quadrennial Ozone Symposium - Sapporo 2000 -, 783-784.
Shiotani, M., M. Fujiwara, S. Xie, H. Hashizume, T. Saito, T. Watanabe, and F. Hasebe (2000), SOWER/Pacific - the Shoyo-maru Pacific ocean-atmospheric survey, SPARC Newsletter, 14, 17. [SPARC]
1999
Hasebe, F., H. Vömel, M. Shiotani, N. Nishi, S. Oltmans, T. Ogawa, and K. Gage (1999), First results from SOWER/Pacific, SPARC Newsletter, 12, 22-23. [SPARC]
1998
Hasebe, F., M. Shiotani, T. Ogawa, S. Oltmans, K. Gage, and H. Vömel (1998), SOWER/Pacific is to be started on a campaign basis, SPARC Newsletter, 10, 32. [SPARC]
